Research Vocabulary

#441

duplicate publication

Example sentences

1. The university policy clearly defines duplicate publication.
2. The paper was reviewed after concerns about duplicate publication.
3. The journal has strict rules against duplicate publication.

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#442

redundant publication

Example sentences

1. The journal has strict rules against redundant publication.
2. Redundant publication can damage trust in research.
3. The editor investigated a possible case of redundant publication.

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#443

gift authorship

Example sentences

1. The editor investigated a possible case of gift authorship.
2. Training helps researchers avoid gift authorship.
3. The university policy clearly defines gift authorship.

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#444

ghost authorship

Example sentences

1. The university policy clearly defines ghost authorship.
2. The paper was reviewed after concerns about ghost authorship.
3. The journal has strict rules against ghost authorship.

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#445

research misconduct

Example sentences

1. The journal has strict rules against research misconduct.
2. Research misconduct can damage trust in research.
3. The editor investigated a possible case of research misconduct.

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#446

questionable research practice

Example sentences

1. The editor investigated a possible case of questionable research practice.
2. Training helps researchers avoid questionable research practice.
3. The university policy clearly defines questionable research practice.

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#447

audit trail

Example sentences

1. The researchers kept an audit trail of all major study decisions.
2. The audit trail included meeting notes and coding changes.
3. A clear audit trail helps others understand how the analysis was completed.

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#448

accountability

Example sentences

1. Clear roles improved accountability within the research team.
2. Accountability means team members are responsible for their decisions and work.
3. The project used written records to support accountability.

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#449

transparency

Example sentences

1. Transparency improved when the team shared its methods and decisions.
2. The report supports transparency by explaining every major change.
3. Open data and preregistration can increase transparency.

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#450

whistleblower

Example sentences

1. The whistleblower reported possible data falsification to the university.
2. The organization protected the whistleblower from unfair treatment.
3. An investigation began after the whistleblower provided clear evidence.

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#451

academic writing

Example sentences

1. Good academic writing is clear, organized, and supported by evidence.
2. The course helped students improve their academic writing.
3. Academic writing usually uses a formal and careful tone.

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#452

research paper

Example sentences

1. The student submitted the research paper before the deadline.
2. A strong research paper connects evidence with a clear argument.
3. The supervisor gave detailed comments on the research paper.

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#453

manuscript

Example sentences

1. The authors sent the manuscript to an international journal.
2. The editor checked the manuscript before peer review.
3. The team revised the manuscript after receiving reviewer comments.

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#454

title

Example sentences

1. The writer revised the title before submitting the paper.
2. The title gives readers important information.
3. The editor asked for a clearer title.

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#455

abstract section

Example sentences

1. The editor asked for a clearer abstract section.
2. The supervisor gave comments on the abstract section.
3. The final paper includes a well-organized abstract section.

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#456

introduction

Example sentences

1. The final paper includes a well-organized introduction.
2. The student checked the introduction for language and formatting errors.
3. The writer revised the introduction before submitting the paper.

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#457

methods section

Example sentences

1. The writer revised the methods section before submitting the paper.
2. The methods section gives readers important information.
3. The editor asked for a clearer methods section.

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#458

results section

Example sentences

1. The editor asked for a clearer results section.
2. The supervisor gave comments on the results section.
3. The final paper includes a well-organized results section.

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#459

discussion section

Example sentences

1. The final paper includes a well-organized discussion section.
2. The student checked the discussion section for language and formatting errors.
3. The writer revised the discussion section before submitting the paper.

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#460

conclusion

Example sentences

1. The writer revised the conclusion before submitting the paper.
2. The conclusion gives readers important information.
3. The editor asked for a clearer conclusion.

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