Research Vocabulary

#341

coefficient

Example sentences

1. The positive coefficient showed that the two variables increased together.
2. The report gives a coefficient for each predictor.
3. The analyst checked whether the coefficient was different from zero.

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#342

odds ratio

Example sentences

1. The odds ratio compared the chance of illness in two groups.
2. An odds ratio above one may show higher odds in the exposed group.
3. The report presents the odds ratio with a confidence interval.

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#343

risk ratio

Example sentences

1. The risk ratio compared disease risk in the treatment and control groups.
2. A risk ratio of one means the risks are equal.
3. The researchers reported the risk ratio with its confidence interval.

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#344

chi-square test

Example sentences

1. The chi-square test examined whether two categorical variables were related.
2. The analyst used a chi-square test to compare smoking status by gender.
3. The report gives the result of the chi-square test in a table.

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#345

t-test

Example sentences

1. The t-test compared the mean scores of two groups.
2. The analyst checked the assumptions before using the t-test.
3. The report presents the t-test result with an effect size.

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#346

ANOVA

Example sentences

1. ANOVA compared the mean scores of three treatment groups.
2. The analyst used ANOVA before performing the post hoc tests.
3. The report explains the assumptions required for ANOVA.

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#347

ANCOVA

Example sentences

1. ANCOVA compared the groups while controlling for the baseline score.
2. The analyst used ANCOVA to adjust for an important covariate.
3. The report presents the adjusted means from ANCOVA.

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#348

post hoc test

Example sentences

1. The post hoc test showed which groups were different after ANOVA.
2. The analyst selected a post hoc test that controlled for multiple comparisons.
3. The report names the post hoc test used in the analysis.

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#349

goodness of fit

Example sentences

1. Goodness of fit shows how well a model matches the observed data.
2. The analyst checked goodness of fit before accepting the model.
3. Poor goodness of fit suggested that the model needed improvement.

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#350

residual

Example sentences

1. The residual is the difference between an observed value and a predicted value.
2. The analyst checked each residual for unusual patterns.
3. A large residual may show that the model did not fit one case well.

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#351

evidence synthesis

Example sentences

1. Evidence synthesis combines findings from several studies.
2. The team used evidence synthesis to support a health recommendation.
3. A clear protocol made the evidence synthesis more transparent.

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#352

systematic review

Example sentences

1. A systematic review uses clear methods to find and assess relevant studies.
2. The team registered the systematic review before beginning the search.
3. Two reviewers independently selected studies for the systematic review.

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#353

scoping review

Example sentences

1. A scoping review maps the available research on a broad topic.
2. The team used a scoping review to identify important evidence gaps.
3. The scoping review included many study designs.

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#354

rapid review

Example sentences

1. A rapid review summarizes evidence in a shorter period of time.
2. The ministry requested a rapid review for an urgent decision.
3. The report explains which steps were shortened in the rapid review.

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#355

umbrella review

Example sentences

1. An umbrella review combines evidence from several systematic reviews.
2. The team used an umbrella review to compare many health treatments.
3. The umbrella review assessed the quality of the included reviews.

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#356

integrative review

Example sentences

1. An integrative review can combine theoretical and empirical research.
2. The team used an integrative review to examine a complex topic.
3. The integrative review included both qualitative and quantitative studies.

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#357

realist review

Example sentences

1. A realist review asks what works, for whom, and under what conditions.
2. The team used a realist review to explain why the program worked differently across communities.
3. The realist review examined the link between context and outcomes.

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#358

meta-analysis

Example sentences

1. A meta-analysis statistically combines results from several studies.
2. The meta-analysis produced one overall estimate of the treatment effect.
3. The team checked heterogeneity before interpreting the meta-analysis.

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#359

meta-synthesis

Example sentences

1. A meta-synthesis combines ideas from several qualitative studies.
2. The team used a meta-synthesis to understand patient experiences.
3. The meta-synthesis developed themes across the included studies.

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#360

qualitative evidence synthesis

Example sentences

1. Qualitative evidence synthesis brings together findings about people's views and experiences.
2. The team used qualitative evidence synthesis to understand barriers to care.
3. The qualitative evidence synthesis identified five common themes.

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