Technology Vocabulary

#321

Social engineering

Example sentences

1. Social engineering tricks people into giving information or access.
2. The attacker used social engineering instead of breaking the software.
3. Employees should verify unusual requests to prevent social engineering.

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#322

Spam

Example sentences

1. The email service moved the unwanted message to spam.
2. Do not click links in suspicious spam messages.
3. The company receives hundreds of spam emails each day.

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#323

Denial-of-service attack

Example sentences

1. A denial-of-service attack tries to make a service unavailable.
2. The website slowed down during the denial-of-service attack.
3. The network team blocked traffic connected to the denial-of-service attack.

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#324

Distributed denial-of-service attack

Example sentences

1. A distributed denial-of-service attack uses many devices at the same time.
2. The company prepared its servers for a possible distributed denial-of-service attack.
3. The distributed denial-of-service attack caused a short service outage.

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#325

Brute-force attack

Example sentences

1. A brute-force attack tries many passwords until one works.
2. The login system blocked the brute-force attack.
3. Account limits can slow down a brute-force attack.

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#326

Credential stuffing

Example sentences

1. Credential stuffing uses stolen usernames and passwords on other websites.
2. Multi-factor authentication can reduce the danger of credential stuffing.
3. The service detected credential stuffing from many IP addresses.

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#327

Zero-day vulnerability

Example sentences

1. A zero-day vulnerability is unknown to the software maker when attackers begin using it.
2. The company acted quickly after learning about the zero-day vulnerability.
3. A zero-day vulnerability may have no available patch at first.

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#328

Security patch

Example sentences

1. Install the security patch as soon as possible.
2. The security patch closed a serious weakness.
3. The system restarted after applying the security patch.

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#329

Antivirus

Example sentences

1. Antivirus software scans files for harmful programs.
2. The antivirus blocked the infected download.
3. Keep the antivirus updated for better protection.

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#330

Encryption

Example sentences

1. Encryption changes readable data into protected data.
2. The messaging app uses encryption to protect conversations.
3. Encryption helps keep stolen files private.

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#331

Decryption

Example sentences

1. Decryption changes protected data back into readable form.
2. The correct key is required for decryption.
3. The program completed decryption after checking the user's access.

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#332

Cipher

Example sentences

1. A cipher is a method for changing readable information into secret text.
2. The old cipher was no longer considered secure.
3. Students used a simple cipher to hide a short message.

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#333

Encryption key

Example sentences

1. Keep the encryption key in a secure place.
2. The wrong encryption key cannot open the protected file.
3. The system created a new encryption key for the user.

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#334

Hashing

Example sentences

1. Hashing changes data into a fixed result that is difficult to reverse.
2. The website uses hashing to protect stored passwords.
3. Hashing can show whether a file has changed.

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#335

Digital signature

Example sentences

1. A digital signature proves who signed a digital document.
2. The receiver checked the digital signature before trusting the file.
3. Changing the document would make the digital signature invalid.

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#336

Digital certificate

Example sentences

1. A digital certificate helps confirm the identity of a website.
2. The browser warned that the digital certificate had expired.
3. The company renewed its digital certificate before the deadline.

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#337

Authentication

Example sentences

1. Authentication checks that a user is who they claim to be.
2. The system requires authentication before showing private records.
3. A password is one common form of authentication.

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#338

Authorization

Example sentences

1. Authorization decides what an authenticated user is allowed to do.
2. The manager has authorization to approve payments.
3. The system denied authorization to open the confidential file.

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#339

Access control

Example sentences

1. Access control limits who can view or change information.
2. The company uses access control on sensitive folders.
3. Good access control gives each person only the access they need.

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#340

Password

Example sentences

1. Choose a strong password that is difficult to guess.
2. Never send your password in an email.
3. The system asked me to change my password.

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